|
% This is LLNCS.DOC the documentation file of
|
|
% the LaTeX2e class from Springer-Verlag
|
|
% for Lecture Notes in Computer Science, version 2.3
|
|
\documentclass{llncs}
|
|
\usepackage{llncsdoc}
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{document}
|
|
\markboth{\LaTeXe{} Class for Lecture Notes in Computer
|
|
Science}{\LaTeXe{} Class for Lecture Notes in Computer Science}
|
|
\thispagestyle{empty}
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
\LARGE\bfseries Instructions for Authors\\
|
|
Coding with \LaTeX\\[2cm]
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
\rule{\textwidth}{1pt}
|
|
\vspace{2pt}
|
|
\begin{flushright}
|
|
\Huge
|
|
\begin{tabular}{@{}l}
|
|
\LaTeXe{} Class\\
|
|
for Lecture Notes\\
|
|
in Computer Science\\[6pt]
|
|
{\Large Version 2.3}
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{flushright}
|
|
\rule{\textwidth}{1pt}
|
|
\vfill
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
\large\itshape
|
|
\begin{tabular}{@{}l}
|
|
{\Large\upshape\bfseries Springer}\\[8pt]
|
|
Berlin\enspace Heidelberg\enspace New\kern0.1em York\\[5pt]
|
|
Barcelona\enspace Budapest\enspace Hong\kern0.2em Kong\\[5pt]
|
|
London\enspace Milan\enspace Paris\enspace\\[5pt]
|
|
Santa\kern0.2em Clara\enspace Singapore\enspace Tokyo
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
\newpage
|
|
%
|
|
\section*{For further information please contact us:}
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{l@{\quad}l@{\hspace{3mm}}l@{\quad}l}
|
|
$\bullet$&\multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{\bfseries Springer-\kern-2pt Verlag
|
|
Heidelberg}\\[1mm]
|
|
&\multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Department New Technologies/Product
|
|
Development}\\
|
|
&\multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Springer-Verlag, Postfach 105280, D-69042
|
|
Heidelberg
|
|
1, FRG}\\[0.5mm]
|
|
& Telefax: & (0\,62\,21)487688\\
|
|
& & (0\,62\,21)487366\\
|
|
& Internet: & \tt lncs@springer.de & for editorial questions\\
|
|
& & \tt texhelp@springer.de & for \TeX{} problems
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
\rule{\textwidth}{1pt}
|
|
%
|
|
\section*{Acceptable formats of your disk/magnetic tape and output:}
|
|
%
|
|
The following formats are acceptable: 5.25$^{\prime\prime}$ diskette
|
|
MS-DOS, 5.25$^{\prime\prime}$ CP/M, 3.5$^{\prime\prime}$ diskette
|
|
MS-DOS, 3.5$^{\prime\prime}$ diskette Apple MacIntosh, 9-track 1600
|
|
bpi magnetic tape VAX/VMS, 9-track 1600 bpi magnetic tape ANSI with
|
|
label, SUN-Streamer Tape.
|
|
|
|
Once you have completed your work using this macro package,
|
|
please submit your own printout of the {\em final
|
|
version together with the disk or magnetic tape}, containing your
|
|
\LaTeX{} input (source) file und the final DVI-file and make sure
|
|
that the text is {\em identical in both cases.}
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
This macro package, as well as all other macro packages, style
|
|
files, and document classes that Springer distributes, are also
|
|
available through our mailserver (for people with only e-mail access).
|
|
|
|
{\tt svserv@vax.ntp.springer.de}\hfil first try the \verb|help|
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
\noindent We are also reachable through the world wide web:
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
\tt
|
|
\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\quad}r@{\tt:}l}
|
|
\rmfamily URLs are & http&//www.springer.de \\
|
|
& gopher&//ftp.springer.de \\
|
|
& ftp&//ftp.springer.de
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
\newpage
|
|
\tableofcontents
|
|
\newpage
|
|
%
|
|
\section{Introduction}
|
|
%
|
|
Authors wishing to code their contribution
|
|
with \LaTeX{}, as well as those who have already coded with \LaTeX{},
|
|
will be provided with a document class that will give the text the
|
|
desired layout. Authors are requested to
|
|
adhere strictly to these instructions; {\em the class
|
|
file must not be changed}.
|
|
|
|
The text output area is automatically set within an area of
|
|
12.2\,cm horizontally and 19.3\,cm vertically.
|
|
|
|
If you are already familiar with \LaTeX{}, then the
|
|
LLNCS class should not give you any major difficulties.
|
|
It will change the layout to the required LLNCS style
|
|
(it will for instance define the layout of \verb|\section|).
|
|
We had to invent some extra commands,
|
|
which are not provided by \LaTeX{} (e.g.\
|
|
\verb|\institute|, see also Sect.\,\ref{contbegin})
|
|
|
|
For the main body of the paper (the text) you
|
|
should use the commands of the standard \LaTeX{} ``article'' class.
|
|
Even if you are familiar with those commands, we urge you to read
|
|
this entire documentation thoroughly. It contains many suggestions on
|
|
how to use our commands properly; thus your paper
|
|
will be formatted exactly to LLNCS standard.
|
|
For the input of the references at the end of your contribution,
|
|
please follow our instructions given in Sect.\,\ref{refer} References.
|
|
|
|
The majority of these hints are not specific for LLNCS; they may improve
|
|
your use of \LaTeX{} in general.
|
|
Furthermore, the documentation provides suggestions about the proper
|
|
editing and use
|
|
of the input files (capitalization, abbreviation etc.) (see
|
|
Sect.\,\ref{refedit} How to Edit Your Input File).
|
|
%
|
|
\section{How to Proceed}
|
|
%
|
|
The package consists of the following files:
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{2.5cm}l}
|
|
{\tt history.txt}& the version history of the package\\[2pt]
|
|
{\tt llncs.cls} & class file for \LaTeX{}\\[2pt]
|
|
{\tt llncs.dem} & an example showing how to code the text\\[2pt]
|
|
{\tt llncs.doc} & general instructions (source of this document),\\
|
|
& {\tt llncs.doc} means {\itshape l\/}atex {\itshape doc\/}umentation for\\
|
|
& {\itshape L\/}ecture {\itshape N}otes in {\itshape C\/}omputer {\itshape S\/}cience\\
|
|
{\tt llncsdoc.sty} & class modifications to help for the instructions\\
|
|
{\tt llncs.ind} & an external (faked) author index file\\
|
|
{\tt subjidx.ind} & subject index demo from the Springer book package\\
|
|
{\tt llncs.dvi} & the resultig DVI file (remember to use binary transfer!)\\[2pt]
|
|
{\tt sprmindx.sty} & supplementary style file for MakeIndex\\
|
|
& (usage: {\tt makeindex -s sprmindx.sty <yourfile.idx>})
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{How to Invoke the LLNCS Document Class}
|
|
%
|
|
The LLNCS class is an extension of the standard \LaTeX{} ``article''
|
|
document class. Therefore you may use all ``article'' commands for the
|
|
body of your contribution to prepare your manuscript.
|
|
LLNCS class is invoked by replacing ``article'' by ``llncs'' in the
|
|
first line of your document:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\documentclass{llncs}
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{document}
|
|
<Your contribution>
|
|
\end{document}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{Contributions Already Coded with \protect\LaTeX{} without
|
|
the LLNCS document class}
|
|
%
|
|
If your file is already coded with \LaTeX{} you can easily
|
|
adapt it a posteriori to the LLNCS document class.
|
|
|
|
Please refrain from using any \LaTeX{} or \TeX{} commands
|
|
that affect the layout or formatting of your document (i.e. commands
|
|
like \verb|\textheight|, \verb|\vspace|, \verb|\headsep| etc.).
|
|
There may nevertheless be exceptional occasions on which to
|
|
use some of them.
|
|
|
|
The LLNCS document class has been carefully designed to produce the
|
|
right layout from your \LaTeX{} input. If there is anything specific you
|
|
would like to do and for which the style file does not provide a
|
|
command, {\em please contact us}. Same holds for any error and bug you
|
|
discover (there is however no reward for this -- sorry).
|
|
%
|
|
\section{General Rules for Coding Formulas}
|
|
%
|
|
With mathematical formulas you may proceed as described
|
|
in Sect.\,3.3 of the {\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference
|
|
Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport (2nd~ed. 1994), Addison-Wesley Publishing
|
|
Company, Inc.
|
|
|
|
Equations are automatically numbered sequentially throughout your
|
|
contribution using arabic numerals in parentheses on the right-hand
|
|
side.
|
|
|
|
When you are working in math mode everything is typeset in italics.
|
|
Sometimes you need to insert non-mathematical elements (e.g.\
|
|
words or phrases). Such insertions should be coded in roman
|
|
(with \verb|\mbox|) as illustrated in the following example:
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
{\itshape Sample Input}
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{equation}
|
|
\left(\frac{a^{2} + b^{2}}{c^{3}} \right) = 1 \quad
|
|
\mbox{ if } c\neq 0 \mbox{ and if } a,b,c\in \bbbr \enspace .
|
|
\end{equation}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
{\itshape Sample Output}
|
|
\begin{equation}
|
|
\left(\frac{a^{2} + b^{2}}{c^{3}} \right) = 1 \quad
|
|
\mbox{ if } c\neq 0 \mbox{ and if } a,b,c\in \bbbr \enspace .
|
|
\end{equation}
|
|
|
|
If you wish to start a new paragraph immediately after a displayed
|
|
equation, insert a blank line so as to produce the required
|
|
indentation. If there is no new paragraph either do not insert
|
|
a blank line or code \verb|\noindent| immediately before
|
|
continuing the text.
|
|
|
|
Please punctuate a displayed equation in the same way as other
|
|
ordinary text but with an \verb|\enspace| before end punctuation.
|
|
|
|
Note that the sizes of the parentheses or other delimiter
|
|
symbols used in equations should ideally match the height of the
|
|
formulas being enclosed. This is automatically taken care of by
|
|
the following \LaTeX{} commands:\\[2mm]
|
|
\verb|\left(| or \verb|\left[| and
|
|
\verb|\right)| or \verb|\right]|.
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{Italic and Roman Type in Math Mode}
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{alpherate}
|
|
\item
|
|
In math mode \LaTeX{} treats all letters as though they
|
|
were mathematical or physical variables, hence they are typeset as
|
|
characters of their own in
|
|
italics. However, for certain components of formulas, like short texts,
|
|
this would be incorrect and therefore coding in roman is required.
|
|
Roman should also be used for
|
|
subscripts and superscripts {\em in formulas\/} where these are
|
|
merely labels and not in themselves variables,
|
|
e.g. $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ \emph{not} $T_{eff}$,
|
|
$T_{\mathrm K}$ \emph{not} $T_K$ (K = Kelvin),
|
|
$m_{\mathrm e}$ \emph{not} $m_e$ (e = electron).
|
|
However, do not code for roman
|
|
if the sub/superscripts represent variables,
|
|
e.g.\ $\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}$.
|
|
\item
|
|
Please ensure that {\em physical units\/} (e.g.\ pc, erg s$^{-1}$
|
|
K, cm$^{-3}$, W m$^{-2}$ Hz$^{-1}$, m kg s$^{-2}$ A$^{-2}$) and
|
|
{\em abbreviations\/} such as Ord, Var, GL, SL, sgn, const.\
|
|
are always set in roman type. To ensure
|
|
this use the \verb|\mathrm| command: \verb|\mathrm{Hz}|.
|
|
On p.\ 44 of the {\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference
|
|
Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport you will find the names of
|
|
common mathe\-matical functions, such as log, sin, exp, max and sup.
|
|
These should be coded as \verb|\log|,
|
|
\verb|\sin|, \verb|\exp|, \verb|\max|, \verb|\sup|
|
|
and will appear in roman automatically.
|
|
\item
|
|
Chemical symbols and formulas should be coded for roman,
|
|
e.g.\ Fe not $Fe$, H$_2$O not {\em H$_2$O}.
|
|
\item
|
|
Familiar foreign words and phrases, e.g.\ et al.,
|
|
a priori, in situ, brems\-strah\-lung, eigenvalues should not be
|
|
italicized.
|
|
\end{alpherate}
|
|
%
|
|
\section{How to Edit Your Input (Source) File}
|
|
\label{refedit}
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{Headings}\label{headings}
|
|
%
|
|
All words in headings should be capitalized except for conjunctions,
|
|
prepositions (e.g.\ on, of, by, and, or, but, from, with, without,
|
|
under) and definite and indefinite articles (the, a, an) unless they
|
|
appear at the beginning. Formula letters must be typeset as in the text.
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{Capitalization and Non-capitalization}
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{alpherate}
|
|
\item
|
|
The following should always be capitalized:
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item
|
|
Headings (see preceding Sect.\,\ref{headings})
|
|
\item
|
|
Abbreviations and expressions
|
|
in the text such as Fig(s)., Table(s), Sect(s)., Chap(s).,
|
|
Theorem, Corollary, Definition etc. when used with numbers, e.g.\
|
|
Fig.\,3, Table\,1, Theorem 2.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
Please follow the special rules in Sect.\,\ref{abbrev} for referring to
|
|
equations.
|
|
\item
|
|
The following should {\em not\/} be capitalized:
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item
|
|
The words figure(s), table(s), equation(s), theorem(s) in the text when
|
|
used without an accompanying number.
|
|
\item
|
|
Figure legends and table captions except for names and abbreviations.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{alpherate}
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{Abbreviation of Words}\label{abbrev}
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{alpherate}
|
|
\item
|
|
The following {\em should} be abbreviated when they appear in running
|
|
text {\em unless\/} they come at the beginning of a sentence: Chap.,
|
|
Sect., Fig.; e.g.\ The results are depicted in Fig.\,5. Figure 9 reveals
|
|
that \dots .\\
|
|
{\em Please note\/}: Equations should usually be referred to solely by
|
|
their number in parentheses: e.g.\ (14). However, when the reference
|
|
comes at the beginning of a sentence, the unabbreviated word
|
|
``Equation'' should be used: e.g.\ Equation (14) is very important.
|
|
However, (15) makes it clear that \dots .
|
|
\item
|
|
If abbreviations of names or concepts are used
|
|
throughout the text, they should be defined at first occurrence,
|
|
e.g.\ Plurisubharmonic (PSH) Functions, Strong Optimization (SOPT)
|
|
Problem.
|
|
\end{alpherate}
|
|
%
|
|
\section{How to Code the Beginning of Your Contribution}
|
|
\label{contbegin}
|
|
%
|
|
The title of a single contribution (it is mandatory) should be coded as
|
|
follows:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\title{<Your contribution title>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
All words in titles should be capitalized except for conjunctions,
|
|
prepositions (e.g.\ on, of, by, and, or, but, from, with, without,
|
|
under) and definite and indefinite articles (the, a, an) unless they
|
|
appear at the beginning. Formula letters must be typeset as in the text.
|
|
Titles have no end punctuation.
|
|
|
|
If a long \verb|\title| must be divided please use the code \verb|\\|
|
|
(for new line).
|
|
|
|
If you are to produce running heads for a specific volume the standard
|
|
(of no such running heads) is overwritten with the \verb|[runningheads]|
|
|
option in the \verb|\documentclass| line. For long titles that do not
|
|
fit in the single line of the running head a warning is generated.
|
|
You can specify an abbreviated title for the running head on odd pages
|
|
with the command
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\titlerunning{<Your abbreviated contribution title>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
There is also a possibility to change the text of the title that goes
|
|
into the table of contents (that's for volume editors only -- there is
|
|
no table of contents for a single contribution). For this use the
|
|
command
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\toctitle{<Your changed title for the table of contents>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
An optional subtitle may follow then:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\subtitle{<subtitle of your contribution>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
Now the name(s) of the author(s) must be given:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\author{<author(s) name(s)>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
Numbers referring to different addresses or affiliations are
|
|
to be attached to each author with the \verb|\inst{<no>}| command.
|
|
If there is more than one author, the order is up to you;
|
|
the \verb|\and| command provides for the separation.
|
|
|
|
If you have done this correctly, this entry now reads, for example:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\author{Ivar Ekeland\inst{1} \and Roger Temam\inst{2}}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
The first name\footnote{Other initials are optional
|
|
and may be inserted if this is the usual
|
|
way of writing your name, e.g.\ Alfred J.~Holmes, E.~Henry Green.}
|
|
is followed by the surname.
|
|
|
|
As for the title there exist two additional commands (again for volume
|
|
editors only) for a different author list. One for the running head
|
|
(on odd pages) -- if there is any:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\authorrunning{<abbreviated author list>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
And one for the table of contents where the
|
|
affiliation of each author is simply added in braces.
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\tocauthor{<enhanced author list for the table of contents>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
Next the address(es) of institute(s), company etc. is (are) required.
|
|
If there is more than one address, the entries are numbered
|
|
automatically with \verb|\and|, in the order in which you type them.
|
|
Please make sure that the numbers match those placed next to
|
|
to the authors' names to reflect the affiliation.
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\institute{<name of an institute>
|
|
\and <name of the next institute>
|
|
\and <name of the next institute>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
In addition, you can use
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\email{<email address>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
to provide your email address within \verb|\institute|. If you need to
|
|
typeset the tilde character -- e.g. for your web page in your unix
|
|
system's home directory -- the \verb|\homedir| command will happily do
|
|
this.
|
|
|
|
\medskip
|
|
If footnote like things are needed anywhere in the contribution heading
|
|
please code
|
|
(immediately after the word where the footnote indicator should be
|
|
placed):
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\thanks{<text>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
\verb|\thanks| may only appear in \verb|\title|, \verb|\author|
|
|
and \verb|\institute| to footnote anything. If there are two or more
|
|
footnotes or affiliation marks to a specific item separate them with
|
|
\verb|\fnmsep| (i.e. {\itshape f}oot\emph note \emph mark
|
|
\emph{sep}arator).
|
|
|
|
\medskip\noindent
|
|
The command
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\maketitle
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
then formats the complete heading of your article. If you leave
|
|
it out the work done so far will produce \emph{no} text.
|
|
|
|
Then the abstract should follow. Simply code
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{abstract}
|
|
<Text of the summary of your article>
|
|
\end{abstract}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
or refer to the demonstration file {\tt llncs.dem} for an example or
|
|
to the {\em Sample Input\/} on p.~\pageref{samppage}.
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{Remark to Running Heads and the Table of Contents}
|
|
\leavevmode\\[\medskipamount]
|
|
If you are the author of a single contribution you normally have no
|
|
running heads and no table of contents. Both are done only by the editor
|
|
of the volume or at the printers.
|
|
%
|
|
\section{Special Commands for the Volume Editor}
|
|
The volume editor can produce a complete camera ready output including
|
|
running heads, a table of contents, preliminary text (frontmatter), and
|
|
index or glossary. For activating the running heads there is the class
|
|
option \verb|[runningheads]|.
|
|
|
|
The table of contents of the volume is printed wherever
|
|
\verb|\tableofcontents| is placed. A simple compilation of all
|
|
contributions (fields \verb|\title| and \verb|\author|) is done. If you
|
|
wish to change this automatically produced list use the commands
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\titlerunning \toctitle
|
|
\authorrunning \tocauthor
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
to enhance the information in the specific contributions. See the
|
|
demonstration file \verb|llncs.dem| for examples.
|
|
|
|
An additional structure can be added to the table of contents with the
|
|
\verb|\addtocmark{<text>}| command. It has an optional numerical
|
|
argument, a digit from 1 through 3. 3 (the default) makes an unnumbered
|
|
chapter like entry in the table of contents. If you code
|
|
\verb|\addtocmark[2]{text}| the corresponding page number is listed
|
|
also, \verb|\addtocmark[1]{text}| even introduces a chapter number
|
|
beyond it.
|
|
%
|
|
\section{How to Code Your Text}
|
|
%
|
|
The contribution title and all headings should be capitalized
|
|
except for conjunctions, prepositions (e.g.\ on, of, by, and, or, but,
|
|
from, with, without, under) and definite and indefinite articles (the,
|
|
a, an) unless they appear at the beginning. Formula letters must be
|
|
typeset as in the text.
|
|
|
|
Headings will be automatically numbered by the following codes.\\[2mm]
|
|
{\itshape Sample Input}
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\section{This is a First-Order Title}
|
|
\subsection{This is a Second-Order Title}
|
|
\subsubsection{This is a Third-Order Title.}
|
|
\paragraph{This is a Fourth-Order Title.}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
\verb|\section| and \verb|\subsection| have no end punctuation.\\
|
|
\verb|\subsubsection| and \verb|\paragraph|
|
|
need to be punctuated at the end.
|
|
|
|
In addition to the above-mentioned headings your text may be structured
|
|
by subsections indicated by run-in headings (theorem-like environments).
|
|
All the theorem-like environments are numbered automatically
|
|
throughout the sections of your document -- each with its own counter.
|
|
If you want the theorem-like environments to use the same counter
|
|
just specify the documentclass option \verb|envcountsame|:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\documentclass[envcountsame]{llncs}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
If your first call for a theorem-like environment then is e.g.
|
|
\verb|\begin{lemma}|, it will be numbered 1; if corollary follows,
|
|
this will be numbered 2; if you then call lemma again, this will be
|
|
numbered 3.
|
|
|
|
But in case you want to reset such counters to 1 in each section,
|
|
please specify the documentclass option \verb|envcountreset|:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\documentclass[envcountreset]{llncs}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
Even a numbering on section level (including the section counter) is
|
|
possible with the documentclass option \verb|envcountsect|.
|
|
|
|
\section{Predefined Theorem like Environments}\label{builtintheo}
|
|
The following variety of run-in headings are at your disposal:
|
|
\begin{alpherate}
|
|
\item
|
|
{\bfseries Bold} run-in headings with italicized text
|
|
as built-in environments:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{corollary} <text> \end{corollary}
|
|
\begin{lemma} <text> \end{lemma}
|
|
\begin{proposition} <text> \end{proposition}
|
|
\begin{theorem} <text> \end{theorem}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
\item
|
|
The following generally appears as {\itshape italic} run-in heading:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{proof} <text> \qed \end{proof}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
It is unnumbered and may contain an eye catching square (call for that
|
|
with \verb|\qed|) before the environment ends.
|
|
\item
|
|
Further {\itshape italic} or {\bfseries bold} run-in headings with roman
|
|
environment body may also occur:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{definition} <text> \end{definition}
|
|
\begin{example} <text> \end{example}
|
|
\begin{exercise} <text> \end{exercise}
|
|
\begin{note} <text> \end{note}
|
|
\begin{problem} <text> \end{problem}
|
|
\begin{question} <text> \end{question}
|
|
\begin{remark} <text> \end{remark}
|
|
\begin{solution} <text> \end{solution}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
\end{alpherate}
|
|
|
|
\section{Defining your Own Theorem like Environments}
|
|
We have enhanced the standard \verb|\newtheorem| command and slightly
|
|
changed its syntax to get two new commands \verb|\spnewtheorem| and
|
|
\verb|\spnewtheorem*| that now can be used to define additional
|
|
environments. They require two additional arguments namely the type
|
|
style in which the keyword of the environment appears and second the
|
|
style for the text of your new environment.
|
|
|
|
\verb|\spnewtheorem| can be used in two ways.
|
|
\subsection{Method 1 {\itshape (preferred)}}
|
|
You may want to create an environment that shares its counter
|
|
with another environment, say {\em main theorem\/} to be numbered like
|
|
the predefined {\em theorem\/}. In this case, use the syntax
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\spnewtheorem{<env_nam>}[<num_like>]{<caption>}
|
|
{<cap_font>}{<body_font>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
\noindent
|
|
Here the environment with which the new environment should share its
|
|
counter is specified with the optional argument \verb|[<num_like>]|.
|
|
|
|
\paragraph{Sample Input}
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\spnewtheorem{mainth}[theorem]{Main Theorem}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
|
|
\begin{theorem} The early bird gets the worm. \end{theorem}
|
|
\begin{mainth} The early worm gets eaten. \end{mainth}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
\medskip\noindent
|
|
{\em Sample Output}
|
|
|
|
\medskip\noindent
|
|
{\bfseries Theorem 3.}\enspace {\em The early bird gets the worm.}
|
|
|
|
\medskip\noindent
|
|
{\bfseries Main Theorem 4.} The early worm gets eaten.
|
|
|
|
\bigskip
|
|
The sharing of the default counter (\verb|[theorem]|) is desired. If you
|
|
omit the optional second argument of \verb|\spnewtheorem| a separate
|
|
counter for your new environment is used throughout your document.
|
|
|
|
\subsection[Method 2]{Method 2 {\itshape (assumes {\tt[envcountsect]}
|
|
documentstyle option)}}
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\spnewtheorem{<env_nam>}{<caption>}[<within>]
|
|
{<cap_font>}{<body_font>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
\noindent
|
|
This defines a new environment \verb|<env_nam>| which prints the caption
|
|
\verb|<caption>| in the font \verb|<cap_font>| and the text itself in
|
|
the font \verb|<body_font>|. The environment is numbered beginning anew
|
|
with every new sectioning element you specify with the optional
|
|
parameter \verb|<within>|.
|
|
|
|
\medskip\noindent
|
|
\paragraph{Example} \leavevmode
|
|
|
|
\medskip\noindent
|
|
\verb|\spnewtheorem{joke}{Joke}[subsection]{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}|
|
|
|
|
\medskip
|
|
\noindent defines a new environment called \verb|joke| which prints the
|
|
caption {\bfseries Joke} in boldface and the text in roman. The jokes are
|
|
numbered starting from 1 at the beginning of every subsection with the
|
|
number of the subsection preceding the number of the joke e.g. 7.2.1 for
|
|
the first joke in subsection 7.2.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Unnumbered Environments}
|
|
If you wish to have an unnumbered environment, please
|
|
use the syntax
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\spnewtheorem*{<env_nam>}{<caption>}{<cap_font>}{<body_font>}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
\section{Program Codes}
|
|
In case you want to show pieces of program code, just use the
|
|
\verb|verbatim| environment or the \verb|verbatim| package of \LaTeX.
|
|
(There also exist various pretty printers for some programming
|
|
languages.)
|
|
%
|
|
\noindent
|
|
\subsection*{Sample Input {\rmfamily(of a simple
|
|
contribution)}}\label{samppage}
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\title{Hamiltonian Mechanics}
|
|
|
|
\author{Ivar Ekeland\inst{1} \and Roger Temam\inst{2}}
|
|
|
|
\institute{Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
|
|
\and
|
|
Universit\'{e} de Paris-Sud,
|
|
Laboratoire d'Analyse Num\'{e}rique, B\^{a}timent 425,\\
|
|
F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France}
|
|
|
|
\maketitle
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{abstract}
|
|
This paragraph shall summarize the contents of the paper
|
|
in short terms.
|
|
\end{abstract}
|
|
%
|
|
\section{Fixed-Period Problems: The Sublinear Case}
|
|
%
|
|
With this chapter, the preliminaries are over, and we begin the
|
|
search for periodic solutions \dots
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{Autonomous Systems}
|
|
%
|
|
In this section we will consider the case when the Hamiltonian
|
|
$H(x)$ \dots
|
|
%
|
|
\subsubsection*{The General Case: Nontriviality.}
|
|
%
|
|
We assume that $H$ is
|
|
$\left(A_{\infty}, B_{\infty}\right)$-subqua\-dra\-tic
|
|
at infinity, for some constant \dots
|
|
%
|
|
\paragraph{Notes and Comments.}
|
|
The first results on subharmonics were \dots
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{proposition}
|
|
Assume $H'(0)=0$ and $ H(0)=0$. Set \dots
|
|
\end{proposition}
|
|
\begin{proof}[of proposition]
|
|
Condition (8) means that, for every $\delta'>\delta$, there is
|
|
some $\varepsilon>0$ such that \dots \qed
|
|
\end{proof}
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{example}[\rmfamily (External forcing)]
|
|
Consider the system \dots
|
|
\end{example}
|
|
\begin{corollary}
|
|
Assume $H$ is $C^{2}$ and
|
|
$\left(a_{\infty}, b_{\infty}\right)$-subquadratic
|
|
at infinity. Let \dots
|
|
\end{corollary}
|
|
\begin{lemma}
|
|
Assume that $H$ is $C^{2}$ on $\bbbr^{2n}\backslash \{0\}$
|
|
and that $H''(x)$ is \dots
|
|
\end{lemma}
|
|
\begin{theorem}[(Ghoussoub-Preiss)]
|
|
Let $X$ be a Banach Space and $\Phi:X\to\bbbr$ \dots
|
|
\end{theorem}
|
|
\begin{definition}
|
|
We shall say that a $C^{1}$ function $\Phi:X\to\bbbr$
|
|
satisfies \dots
|
|
\end{definition}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
{\itshape Sample Output\/} (follows on the next page together with
|
|
examples of the above run-in headings)
|
|
\newcounter{save}\setcounter{save}{\value{section}}
|
|
{\def\addtocontents#1#2{}%
|
|
\def\addcontentsline#1#2#3{}%
|
|
\def\markboth#1#2{}%
|
|
%
|
|
\title{Hamiltonian Mechanics}
|
|
|
|
\author{Ivar Ekeland\inst{1} \and Roger Temam\inst{2}}
|
|
|
|
\institute{Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
|
|
\and
|
|
Universit\'{e} de Paris-Sud,
|
|
Laboratoire d'Analyse Num\'{e}rique, B\^{a}timent 425,\\
|
|
F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France}
|
|
|
|
\maketitle
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{abstract}
|
|
This paragraph shall summarize the contents of the paper
|
|
in short terms.
|
|
\end{abstract}
|
|
%
|
|
\section{Fixed-Period Problems: The Sublinear Case}
|
|
%
|
|
With this chapter, the preliminaries are over, and we begin the search
|
|
for periodic solutions \dots
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{Autonomous Systems}
|
|
%
|
|
In this section we will consider the case when the Hamiltonian
|
|
$H(x)$ \dots
|
|
%
|
|
\subsubsection{The General Case: Nontriviality.}
|
|
%
|
|
We assume that $H$ is
|
|
$\left(A_{\infty}, B_{\infty}\right)$-subqua\-dra\-tic at
|
|
infinity, for some constant \dots
|
|
%
|
|
\paragraph{Notes and Comments.}
|
|
The first results on subharmonics were \dots
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{proposition}
|
|
Assume $H'(0)=0$ and $ H(0)=0$. Set \dots
|
|
\end{proposition}
|
|
\begin{proof}[of proposition]
|
|
Condition (8) means that, for every $\delta'>\delta$, there is
|
|
some $\varepsilon>0$ such that \dots \qed
|
|
\end{proof}
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{example}[{{\rmfamily External forcing}}]
|
|
Consider the system \dots
|
|
\end{example}
|
|
\begin{corollary}
|
|
Assume $H$ is $C^{2}$ and
|
|
$\left(a_{\infty}, b_{\infty}\right)$-subquadratic
|
|
at infinity. Let \dots
|
|
\end{corollary}
|
|
\begin{lemma}
|
|
Assume that $H$ is $C^{2}$ on $\bbbr^{2n}\backslash \{0\}$
|
|
and that $H''(x)$ is \dots
|
|
\end{lemma}
|
|
\begin{theorem}[Ghoussoub-Preiss]
|
|
Let $X$ be a Banach Space and $\Phi:X\to\bbbr$ \dots
|
|
\end{theorem}
|
|
\begin{definition}
|
|
We shall say that a $C^{1}$ function $\Phi:X\to\bbbr$ satisfies \dots
|
|
\end{definition}
|
|
%
|
|
}\setcounter{section}{\value{save}}
|
|
\section{Fine Tuning of the Text}
|
|
%
|
|
The following should be used to improve the readability of the text:
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.19\textwidth}p{.79\textwidth}}
|
|
\verb|\,| & a thin space, e.g.\ between numbers or between units
|
|
and num\-bers; a line division will not be made
|
|
following this space\\
|
|
\verb|--| & en dash; two strokes, without a space at either end\\
|
|
\verb*| -- |& en dash; two strokes, with a space at either end\\
|
|
\verb|-| & hyphen; one stroke, no space at either end\\
|
|
\verb|$-$| & minus, in the text {\em only} \\[8mm]
|
|
{\em Input} & \verb|21\,$^{\circ}$C etc.,|\\
|
|
& \verb|Dr h.\,c.\,Rockefellar-Smith \dots|\\
|
|
& \verb|20,000\,km and Prof.\,Dr Mallory \dots|\\
|
|
& \verb|1950--1985 \dots|\\
|
|
& \verb|this -- written on a computer -- is now printed|\\
|
|
& \verb|$-30$\,K \dots|\\[3mm]
|
|
{\em Output}& 21\,$^{\circ}$C etc., Dr h.\,c.\,Rockefellar-Smith \dots\\
|
|
& 20,000\,km and Prof.\,Dr Mallory \dots\\
|
|
& 1950--1985 \dots\\
|
|
& this -- written on a computer -- is now printed\\
|
|
& $-30$\,K \dots
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
%
|
|
\section {Special Typefaces}
|
|
%
|
|
Normal type (roman text) need not be coded. {\itshape Italic}
|
|
(\verb|{\em <text>}| better still \verb|\emph{<text>}|) or, if
|
|
necessary, {\bfseries boldface} should be used for emphasis.\\[6pt]
|
|
\begin{minipage}[t]{\textwidth}
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.25\textwidth}@{\hskip6pt}p{.73\textwidth}@{}}
|
|
\verb|{\itshape Text}| & {\itshape Italicized Text}\\[2pt]
|
|
\verb|{\em Text}| & {\em Emphasized Text --
|
|
if you would like to emphasize a {\em definition} within an
|
|
italicized text (e.g.\ of a {\em theorem)} you should code the
|
|
expression to be emphasized by} \verb|\em|.\\[2pt]
|
|
\verb|{\bfseries Text}|& {\bfseries Important Text}\\[2pt]
|
|
\verb|\vec{Symbol}| & Vectors may only appear in math mode. The default
|
|
\LaTeX{} vector symbol has been adapted\footnotemark\
|
|
to LLNCS conventions.\\[2pt]
|
|
& \verb|$\vec{A \times B\cdot C}| yields $\vec{A\times B\cdot C}$\\
|
|
& \verb|$\vec{A}^{T} \otimes \vec{B} \otimes|\\
|
|
& \verb|\vec{\hat{D}}$|yields $\vec{A}^{T} \otimes \vec{B} \otimes
|
|
\vec{\hat{D}}$
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
\end{minipage}
|
|
|
|
\footnotetext{If you absolutely must revive the original \LaTeX{}
|
|
design of the vector symbol (as an arrow accent), please specify the
|
|
option \texttt{[orivec]} in the \texttt{documentclass} line.}
|
|
\newpage
|
|
%
|
|
\section {Footnotes}
|
|
%
|
|
Footnotes within the text should be coded:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\footnote{Text}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
{\itshape Sample Input}
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
Text with a footnote\verb|\footnote{The |{\tt footnote is automatically
|
|
numbered.}\verb|}| and text continues \dots
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
{\itshape Sample Output}
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
Text with a footnote\footnote{The footnote is automatically numbered.}
|
|
and text continues \dots
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
%
|
|
\section {Lists}
|
|
%
|
|
Please code lists as described below:\\[2mm]
|
|
{\itshape Sample Input}
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{enumerate}
|
|
\item First item
|
|
\item Second item
|
|
\begin{enumerate}
|
|
\item First nested item
|
|
\item Second nested item
|
|
\end{enumerate}
|
|
\item Third item
|
|
\end{enumerate}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
{\itshape Sample Output}
|
|
\begin{enumerate}
|
|
\item First item
|
|
\item Second item
|
|
\begin{enumerate}
|
|
\item First nested item
|
|
\item Second nested item
|
|
\end{enumerate}
|
|
\item Third item
|
|
\end{enumerate}
|
|
%
|
|
\section {Figures}
|
|
%
|
|
Figure environments should be inserted after (not in)
|
|
the paragraph in which the figure is first mentioned.
|
|
They will be numbered automatically.
|
|
|
|
Preferably the images should be enclosed as PostScript files -- best as
|
|
EPS data using the epsfig package.
|
|
|
|
If you cannot include them into your output this way and use other
|
|
techniques for a separate production,
|
|
the figures (line drawings and those containing halftone inserts
|
|
as well as halftone figures) {\em should not be pasted into your
|
|
laserprinter output}. They should be enclosed separately in camera-ready
|
|
form (original artwork, glossy prints, photographs and/or slides). The
|
|
lettering should be suitable for reproduction, and after a
|
|
probably necessary reduction the height of capital letters should be at
|
|
least 1.8\,mm and not more than 2.5\,mm.
|
|
Check that lines and other details are uniformly black and
|
|
that the lettering on figures is clearly legible.
|
|
|
|
To leave the desired amount of space for the height of
|
|
your figures, please use the coding described below.
|
|
As can be seen in the output, we will automatically
|
|
provide 1\,cm space above and below the figure,
|
|
so that you should only leave the space equivalent to the size of the
|
|
figure itself. Please note that ``\verb|x|'' in the following
|
|
coding stands for the actual height of the figure:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{figure}
|
|
\vspace{x cm}
|
|
\caption[ ]{...text of caption...} (Do type [ ])
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
{\itshape Sample Input}
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{figure}
|
|
\vspace{2.5cm}
|
|
\caption{This is the caption of the figure displaying a white
|
|
eagle and a white horse on a snow field}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
{\itshape Sample Output}
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
\begin{figure}
|
|
\vspace{2.5cm}
|
|
\caption{This is the caption of the figure displaying a white eagle and
|
|
a white horse on a snow field}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
%
|
|
\section{Tables}
|
|
%
|
|
Table captions should be treated
|
|
in the same way as figure legends, except that
|
|
the table captions appear {\itshape above} the tables. The tables
|
|
will be numbered automatically.
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{Tables Coded with \protect\LaTeX{}}
|
|
%
|
|
Please use the following coding:\\[2mm]
|
|
{\itshape Sample Input}
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{table}
|
|
\caption{Critical $N$ values}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{llllll}
|
|
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
|
|
${\mathrm M}_\odot$ & $\beta_{0}$ & $T_{\mathrm c6}$ & $\gamma$
|
|
& $N_{\mathrm{crit}}^{\mathrm L}$
|
|
& $N_{\mathrm{crit}}^{\mathrm{Te}}$\\
|
|
\noalign{\smallskip}
|
|
\hline
|
|
\noalign{\smallskip}
|
|
30 & 0.82 & 38.4 & 35.7 & 154 & 320 \\
|
|
60 & 0.67 & 42.1 & 34.7 & 138 & 340 \\
|
|
120 & 0.52 & 45.1 & 34.0 & 124 & 370 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
\medskip\noindent{\itshape Sample Output}
|
|
\begin{table}
|
|
\caption{Critical $N$ values}
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.4}
|
|
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{llllll}
|
|
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
|
|
${\mathrm M}_\odot$ & $\beta_{0}$ & $T_{\mathrm c6}$ & $\gamma$
|
|
& $N_{\mathrm{crit}}^{\mathrm L}$
|
|
& $N_{\mathrm{crit}}^{\mathrm{Te}}$\\
|
|
\noalign{\smallskip}
|
|
\hline
|
|
\noalign{\smallskip}
|
|
30 & 0.82 & 38.4 & 35.7 & 154 & 320 \\
|
|
60 & 0.67 & 42.1 & 34.7 & 138 & 340 \\
|
|
120 & 0.52 & 45.1 & 34.0 & 124 & 370 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
|
|
Before continuing your text you need an empty line. \dots
|
|
|
|
\vspace{3mm}
|
|
For further information you will find a complete description of
|
|
the tabular environment
|
|
on p.~62~ff. and p.~204 of the {\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference
|
|
Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport.
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{Tables Not Coded with \protect\LaTeX{}}
|
|
%
|
|
If you do not wish to code your table using \LaTeX{}
|
|
but prefer to have it reproduced separately,
|
|
proceed as for figures and use the following coding:\\[2mm]
|
|
{\itshape Sample Input}
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{table}
|
|
\caption{text of your caption}
|
|
\vspace{x cm} % the actual height needed for your table
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{Signs and Characters}
|
|
%
|
|
\subsubsection*{Special Signs.}
|
|
%
|
|
You may need to use special signs. The available ones are listed in the
|
|
{\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport,
|
|
pp.~41\,ff.
|
|
We have created further symbols for math mode (enclosed in \$):
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1em}yields\hspace{1em}}
|
|
c@{\hspace{3em}}l@{\hspace{1em}yields\hspace{1em}}c}
|
|
\verb|\grole| & $\grole$ & \verb|\getsto| & $\getsto$\\
|
|
\verb|\lid| & $\lid$ & \verb|\gid| & $\gid$
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
%
|
|
\subsubsection*{Gothic (Fraktur).}
|
|
%
|
|
If gothic letters are {\itshape necessary}, please use those of the
|
|
relevant \AmSTeX{} alphabet which are available using the amstex
|
|
package of the American Mathematical Society.
|
|
|
|
In \LaTeX{} only the following gothic letters are available:
|
|
\verb|$\Re$| yields $\Re$ and \verb|$\Im$| yields $\Im$. These should
|
|
{\itshape not\/} be used when you need gothic letters for your contribution.
|
|
Use \AmSTeX{} gothic as explained above. For the real and the imaginary
|
|
parts of a complex number within math mode you should use instead:
|
|
\verb|$\mathrm{Re}$| (which yields Re) or \verb|$\mathrm{Im}$| (which
|
|
yields Im).
|
|
%
|
|
\subsubsection*{Script.}
|
|
%
|
|
For script capitals use the coding
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1em}which yields\hspace{1em}}c}
|
|
\verb|$\mathcal{AB}$| & $\mathcal{AB}$
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
(see p.~42 of the \LaTeX{} book).
|
|
%
|
|
\subsubsection*{Special Roman.}
|
|
%
|
|
If you need other symbols than those below, you could use
|
|
the blackboard bold characters of \AmSTeX{}, but there might arise
|
|
capacity problems
|
|
in loading additional \AmSTeX{} fonts. Therefore we created
|
|
the blackboard bold characters listed below.
|
|
Some of them are not esthetically
|
|
satisfactory. This need not deter you from using them:
|
|
in the final printed form they will be
|
|
replaced by the well-designed MT (monotype) characters of
|
|
the phototypesetting machine.
|
|
\begin{flushleft}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{ yields }
|
|
c@{\hspace{1.em}}ll@{ yields }c}
|
|
\verb|\bbbc| & (complex numbers) & $\bbbc$
|
|
& \verb|\bbbf| & (blackboard bold F) & $\bbbf$\\
|
|
\verb|\bbbh| & (blackboard bold H) & $\bbbh$
|
|
& \verb|\bbbk| & (blackboard bold K) & $\bbbk$\\
|
|
\verb|\bbbm| & (blackboard bold M) & $\bbbm$
|
|
& \verb|\bbbn| & (natural numbers N) & $\bbbn$\\
|
|
\verb|\bbbp| & (blackboard bold P) & $\bbbp$
|
|
& \verb|\bbbq| & (rational numbers) & $\bbbq$\\
|
|
\verb|\bbbr| & (real numbers) & $\bbbr$
|
|
& \verb|\bbbs| & (blackboard bold S) & $\bbbs$\\
|
|
\verb|\bbbt| & (blackboard bold T) & $\bbbt$
|
|
& \verb|\bbbz| & (whole numbers) & $\bbbz$\\
|
|
\verb|\bbbone| & (symbol one) & $\bbbone$
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{flushleft}
|
|
\begin{displaymath}
|
|
\begin{array}{c}
|
|
\bbbc^{\bbbc^{\bbbc}} \otimes
|
|
\bbbf_{\bbbf_{\bbbf}} \otimes
|
|
\bbbh_{\bbbh_{\bbbh}} \otimes
|
|
\bbbk_{\bbbk_{\bbbk}} \otimes
|
|
\bbbm^{\bbbm^{\bbbm}} \otimes
|
|
\bbbn_{\bbbn_{\bbbn}} \otimes
|
|
\bbbp^{\bbbp^{\bbbp}}\\[2mm]
|
|
\otimes
|
|
\bbbq_{\bbbq_{\bbbq}} \otimes
|
|
\bbbr^{\bbbr^{\bbbr}} \otimes
|
|
\bbbs^{\bbbs_{\bbbs}} \otimes
|
|
\bbbt^{\bbbt^{\bbbt}} \otimes
|
|
\bbbz \otimes
|
|
\bbbone^{\bbbone_{\bbbone}}
|
|
\end{array}
|
|
\end{displaymath}
|
|
%
|
|
\section{References}
|
|
\label{refer}
|
|
%
|
|
There are three reference systems available; only one, of course,
|
|
should be used for your contribution. With each system (by
|
|
number only, by letter-number or by author-year) a reference list
|
|
containing all citations in the
|
|
text, should be included at the end of your contribution placing the
|
|
\LaTeX{} environment \verb|thebibliography| there.
|
|
For an overall information on that environment
|
|
see the {\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference
|
|
Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport, p.~71.
|
|
|
|
At the moment there is no special {\sc Bib}\TeX{} style for LLNCS --
|
|
sorry. But if you plan to use {\sc Bib}\TeX{} as you are customed to do
|
|
so, please specify the option \verb|[oribibl]| in the
|
|
\verb|documentclass| line, like:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\documentclass[oribibl]{llncs}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
This will retain the original \LaTeX{} code for the bibliographic
|
|
environment and the \verb|\cite| mechanism that many {\sc Bib}\TeX{}
|
|
applications rely on.
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{References by Letter-Number or by Number Only}
|
|
%
|
|
References are cited in the text -- using the \verb|\cite|
|
|
command of \LaTeX{} -- by number or by letter-number in square
|
|
brackets, e.g.\ [1] or [E1, S2], [P1], according to your use of the
|
|
\verb|\bibitem| command in the \verb|thebibliography| environment. The
|
|
coding is as follows: if you choose your own label for the sources by
|
|
giving an optional argument to the \verb|\bibitem| command the citations
|
|
in the text are marked with the label you supplied. Otherwise a simple
|
|
numbering is done, which is preferred.
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
The results in this section are a refined version
|
|
of \cite{clar:eke}; the minimality result of Proposition~14
|
|
was the first of its kind.
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
The above input produces the citation: ``\dots\ refined version of
|
|
[CE1]; the min\-i\-mality\dots''. Then the \verb|\bibitem| entry of
|
|
the \verb|thebibliography| environment should read:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{thebibliography}{[MT1]}
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
\bibitem[CE1]{clar:eke}
|
|
Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
|
|
Nonlinear oscillations and boundary-value problems for
|
|
Hamiltonian systems.
|
|
Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bfseries 78} (1982) 315--333
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
\end{thebibliography}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
The complete bibliography looks like this:
|
|
%
|
|
\begin{thebibliography}{[MT1]}
|
|
%
|
|
\bibitem[CE1]{clar:eke}
|
|
Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
|
|
Nonlinear oscillations and
|
|
boundary-value problems for Hamiltonian systems.
|
|
Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bfseries 78} (1982) 315--333
|
|
%
|
|
\bibitem[CE2]{clar:eke:2}
|
|
Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
|
|
Solutions p\'{e}riodiques, du
|
|
p\'{e}riode donn\'{e}e, des \'{e}quations hamiltoniennes.
|
|
Note CRAS Paris {\bfseries 287} (1978) 1013--1015
|
|
%
|
|
\bibitem[MT1]{mich:tar}
|
|
Michalek, R., Tarantello, G.:
|
|
Subharmonic solutions with prescribed minimal
|
|
period for nonautonomous Hamiltonian systems.
|
|
J. Diff. Eq. {\bfseries 72} (1988) 28--55
|
|
%
|
|
\bibitem[Ta1]{tar}
|
|
Tarantello, G.:
|
|
Subharmonic solutions for Hamiltonian
|
|
systems via a $\bbbz_{p}$ pseudoindex theory.
|
|
Annali di Matematica Pura (to appear)
|
|
%
|
|
\bibitem[Ra1]{rab}
|
|
Rabinowitz, P.:
|
|
On subharmonic solutions of a Hamiltonian system.
|
|
Comm. Pure Appl. Math. {\bfseries 33} (1980) 609--633
|
|
\end{thebibliography}
|
|
%
|
|
\subsubsection*{Number-Only System.}
|
|
%
|
|
For this preferred system do not use the optional argument
|
|
in the \verb|\bibitem| command: then, only numbers will
|
|
appear for the citations in the text (enclosed in square brackets)
|
|
as well as for the marks in your
|
|
bibliography (here the number is only end-punctuated without
|
|
square brackets).
|
|
|
|
Subsequent citation numbers in the text are collapsed to ranges.
|
|
Non-numeric and undefined labels are handled correctly but no sorting is
|
|
done.
|
|
|
|
E.g., \verb|\cite{n1,n3,n2,n3,n4,n5,foo,n1,n2,n3,?,n4,n5}| -- where
|
|
\verb|n|$x$ is the key of the $x^{\mathrm{th}}$ \verb|\bibitem|
|
|
command in sequence, \verb|foo| is the key of a \verb|\bibitem| with an
|
|
optional argument, and \verb|?| is an undefined reference -- gives
|
|
1,3,2-5,foo,1-3,?,4,5 as the citation reference.
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{thebibliography}{1}
|
|
\bibitem {clar:eke}
|
|
Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
|
|
Nonlinear oscillations and boundary-value problems for
|
|
Hamiltonian systems.
|
|
Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bfseries 78} (1982) 315--333
|
|
\end{thebibliography}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
%
|
|
\subsection{Author-Year System}
|
|
%
|
|
References are cited in the text by name and year in parentheses
|
|
and should look as follows:
|
|
(Smith 1970, 1980), (Ekeland et al. 1985, Theorem 2), (Jones and Jaffe
|
|
1986; Farrow 1988, Chap.\,2). If the name is part of the sentence
|
|
only the year may appear in parentheses,
|
|
e.g.\ Ekeland et al. (1985, Sect.\,2.1)
|
|
The reference list should contain all citations occurring in the text,
|
|
ordered alphabetically by surname (with initials following). If there
|
|
are several works by the same author(s) the references should be listed
|
|
in the appropriate order indicated below:
|
|
\begin{alpherate}
|
|
\setlength{\hfuzz}{5pt}
|
|
\item
|
|
One author: list works chronologically;
|
|
\item
|
|
Author and same co-author(s): list works chronologically;
|
|
\item
|
|
Author and different co-authors: list works alphabetically
|
|
according to co-authors.
|
|
\end{alpherate}
|
|
If there are several works by the same author(s) and in the same year,
|
|
but which are cited separately, they should be distinguished by the use
|
|
of ``a'', ``b'' etc., e.g.\ (Smith 1982a), (Ekeland et al. 1982b).
|
|
%
|
|
\subsubsection*{How to Code Author-Year System.}
|
|
%
|
|
If you want to use this system you have to specify the option
|
|
\verb|[citeauthoryear]| in the \verb|documentclass|, like:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\documentclass[citeauthoryear]{llncs}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
Write your citations in the text explicitly except for the year, leaving
|
|
that up to \LaTeX{} with the \verb|\cite| command. Then give only the
|
|
appropriate year as the optional argument (i.e. the label in square
|
|
brackets) with the \verb|\bibitem| command(s).\\[2mm]
|
|
{\itshape Sample Input}
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
The results in this section are a refined version
|
|
of Clarke and Ekeland (\cite{clar:eke}); the minimality result of
|
|
Proposition~14 was the first of its kind.
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
The above input produces the citation: ``\dots\ refined version of
|
|
Clarke and Ekeland (1982); the minimality\dots''. Then the
|
|
\verb|\bibitem| entry of \verb|clar:eke| in the \verb|thebibliography|
|
|
environment should read:
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
\begin{thebibliography}{} % (do not forget {})
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
\bibitem[1982]{clar:eke}
|
|
Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
|
|
Nonlinear oscillations and boundary-value problems for
|
|
Hamiltonian systems.
|
|
Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bfseries 78} (1982) 315--333
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
\end{thebibliography}
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
{\itshape Sample Output}
|
|
\bibauthoryear
|
|
%
|
|
\end{document}
|